math puzzle: average of the set of sums
My friend Chris Altomare once asked me a math question which inspired this one:
Given a set S of real numbers, define the set
sums(S) := {t: t = ∑ T for some T ⊂ S}
and the set function
avg(S) := ∑ S / #S,
where #S denotes the size of the set S (we can leave avg(empty set) undefined).
As an example, let S = {2, 5, 7}. Then
sums(S) = {0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14};
the 0 is always included in sums(S) as the sum of the empty set. In this example, we also have avg(sums(S)) = 7.
Can you find a general formula for avg(sums(S)), for any set S?
This is actually not super-hard, but the trick is that the "obvious proof" is wrong -- in other words, if we thought of the sums function as giving a multiset, then it becomes a linear function, which would make everything straightforward (since avg is based on linear functions, so avg(sums) is still linearly analyzable and thus easy to find and prove). But this is not the case!
Good luck! I'll post the answer soon.
Given a set S of real numbers, define the set
sums(S) := {t: t = ∑ T for some T ⊂ S}
and the set function
avg(S) := ∑ S / #S,
where #S denotes the size of the set S (we can leave avg(empty set) undefined).
As an example, let S = {2, 5, 7}. Then
sums(S) = {0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14};
the 0 is always included in sums(S) as the sum of the empty set. In this example, we also have avg(sums(S)) = 7.
Can you find a general formula for avg(sums(S)), for any set S?
This is actually not super-hard, but the trick is that the "obvious proof" is wrong -- in other words, if we thought of the sums function as giving a multiset, then it becomes a linear function, which would make everything straightforward (since avg is based on linear functions, so avg(sums) is still linearly analyzable and thus easy to find and prove). But this is not the case!
Good luck! I'll post the answer soon.
1 Comments:
It is truly a well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so engaged in this material that I couldn’t wait to read. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thanks.Online Dow Jones Industrial Average Stocks
Post a Comment
<< Home